The 72 seasons of Japan 七十二候

The old Japanese calendar splits the year into 24 seasonal points (二十四節気), and each of those into three micro-seasons of about five days. Every micro-season is named for something small happening in nature — the east wind melting the ice, the first frost, bears going to sleep. The names are short classical phrases, which makes them good, memorable kanji practice.

All 72 seasons as one PDF — the 156 kanji used in their names, with practice sheets and quizzes. Download pack (Pro) What is Pro? ($12 once)

立春 · Beginning of spring

  1. East wind melts the ice
    はるかぜこおりをとく · from about Feb 4
    Worksheet
  2. 黄鶯睍睆
    Bush warblers start singing in the mountains
    うぐいすなく · from about Feb 9
    Worksheet
  3. Fish emerge from the ice
    うおこおりをいずる · from about Feb 14
    Worksheet

雨水 · Rainwater

  1. Rain moistens the soil
    つちのしょううるおいおこる · from about Feb 19
    Worksheet
  2. Mist starts to linger
    かすみはじめてたなびく · from about Feb 24
    Worksheet
  3. Grass sprouts, trees bud
    そうもくめばえいずる · from about Mar 1
    Worksheet

啓蟄 · Insects awaken

  1. Hibernating insects surface
    すごもりむしとをひらく · from about Mar 6
    Worksheet
  2. First peach blossoms
    ももはじめてさく · from about Mar 11
    Worksheet
  3. Caterpillars become butterflies
    なむしちょうとなる · from about Mar 16
    Worksheet

春分 · Spring equinox

  1. Sparrows start to nest
    すずめはじめてすくう · from about Mar 21
    Worksheet
  2. First cherry blossoms
    さくらはじめてひらく · from about Mar 26
    Worksheet
  3. Distant thunder
    かみなりすなわちこえをはっす · from about Mar 31
    Worksheet

清明 · Pure and clear

  1. Swallows return
    つばめきたる · from about Apr 5
    Worksheet
  2. Wild geese fly north
    こうがんかえる · from about Apr 10
    Worksheet
  3. First rainbows
    にじはじめてあらわる · from about Apr 15
    Worksheet

穀雨 · Grain rain

  1. First reeds sprout
    あしはじめてしょうず · from about Apr 20
    Worksheet
  2. Last frost, rice seedlings grow
    しもやんでなえいずる · from about Apr 25
    Worksheet
  3. Peonies bloom
    ぼたんはなさく · from about Apr 30
    Worksheet

立夏 · Beginning of summer

  1. Frogs start singing
    かわずはじめてなく · from about May 5
    Worksheet
  2. Worms surface
    みみずいずる · from about May 10
    Worksheet
  3. Bamboo shoots sprout
    たけのこしょうず · from about May 15
    Worksheet

小満 · Lesser ripening

  1. Silkworms start feasting on mulberry leaves
    かいこおきてくわをはむ · from about May 21
    Worksheet
  2. Safflowers bloom
    べにばなさかう · from about May 26
    Worksheet
  3. Wheat ripens and is harvested
    むぎのときいたる · from about May 31
    Worksheet

芒種 · Grain in ear

  1. Praying mantises hatch
    かまきりしょうず · from about Jun 5
    Worksheet
  2. Rotten grass becomes fireflies
    くされたるくさほたるとなる · from about Jun 10
    Worksheet
  3. Plums turn yellow
    うめのみきばむ · from about Jun 15
    Worksheet

夏至 · Summer solstice

  1. Self-heal withers
    なつかれくさかるる · from about Jun 21
    Worksheet
  2. Irises bloom
    あやめはなさく · from about Jun 26
    Worksheet
  3. Crow-dipper sprouts
    はんげしょうず · from about Jul 1
    Worksheet

小暑 · Lesser heat

  1. Warm winds blow
    あつかぜいたる · from about Jul 7
    Worksheet
  2. First lotus blossoms
    はすはじめてひらく · from about Jul 12
    Worksheet
  3. Young hawks learn to fly
    たかすなわちわざをならう · from about Jul 17
    Worksheet

大暑 · Greater heat

  1. Paulownia trees set seed
    きりはじめてはなをむすぶ · from about Jul 22
    Worksheet
  2. Earth is damp, air is humid
    つちうるおうてむしあつし · from about Jul 28
    Worksheet
  3. Great rains sometimes fall
    たいうときどきふる · from about Aug 2
    Worksheet

立秋 · Beginning of autumn

  1. Cool winds blow
    すずかぜいたる · from about Aug 7
    Worksheet
  2. Evening cicadas sing
    ひぐらしなく · from about Aug 12
    Worksheet
  3. Thick fog descends
    ふかききりまとう · from about Aug 17
    Worksheet

処暑 · End of heat

  1. Cotton bolls open
    わたのはなしべひらく · from about Aug 23
    Worksheet
  2. Heat starts to die down
    てんちはじめてさむし · from about Aug 28
    Worksheet
  3. Rice ripens
    こくものすなわちみのる · from about Sep 2
    Worksheet

白露 · White dew

  1. Dew glistens white on grass
    くさのつゆしろし · from about Sep 7
    Worksheet
  2. Wagtails sing
    せきれいなく · from about Sep 12
    Worksheet
  3. Swallows leave
    つばめさる · from about Sep 17
    Worksheet

秋分 · Autumn equinox

  1. Thunder ceases
    かみなりすなわちこえをおさむ · from about Sep 23
    Worksheet
  2. Insects seal their burrows
    むしかくれてとをふさぐ · from about Sep 28
    Worksheet
  3. Farmers drain the fields
    みずはじめてかるる · from about Oct 3
    Worksheet

寒露 · Cold dew

  1. Wild geese return
    こうがんきたる · from about Oct 8
    Worksheet
  2. Chrysanthemums bloom
    きくのはなひらく · from about Oct 13
    Worksheet
  3. Crickets chirp at the door
    きりぎりすとにあり · from about Oct 18
    Worksheet

霜降 · Frost descends

  1. First frost
    しもはじめてふる · from about Oct 23
    Worksheet
  2. Light rains sometimes fall
    こさめときどきふる · from about Oct 28
    Worksheet
  3. Maple leaves and ivy turn yellow
    もみじつたきばむ · from about Nov 2
    Worksheet

立冬 · Beginning of winter

  1. Camellias start to bloom
    つばきはじめてひらく · from about Nov 7
    Worksheet
  2. Land starts to freeze
    ちはじめてこおる · from about Nov 12
    Worksheet
  3. Daffodils bloom
    きんせんかさく · from about Nov 17
    Worksheet

小雪 · Lesser snow

  1. Rainbows hide
    にじかくれてみえず · from about Nov 22
    Worksheet
  2. North wind blows the leaves from the trees
    きたかぜこのはをはらう · from about Nov 27
    Worksheet
  3. Tachibana citrus turns yellow
    たちばなはじめてきばむ · from about Dec 2
    Worksheet

大雪 · Greater snow

  1. Cold sets in, winter begins
    そらさむくふゆとなる · from about Dec 7
    Worksheet
  2. Bears start hibernating
    くまあなにこもる · from about Dec 12
    Worksheet
  3. Salmon gather and swim upstream
    さけのうおむらがる · from about Dec 16
    Worksheet

冬至 · Winter solstice

  1. Self-heal sprouts
    なつかれくさしょうず · from about Dec 21
    Worksheet
  2. Deer shed their antlers
    さわしかのつのおつる · from about Dec 26
    Worksheet
  3. Wheat sprouts under the snow
    ゆきわたりてむぎのびる · from about Dec 31
    Worksheet

小寒 · Lesser cold

  1. Water dropwort flourishes
    せりすなわちさかう · from about Jan 5
    Worksheet
  2. Springs thaw
    しみずあたたかをふくむ · from about Jan 10
    Worksheet
  3. Pheasants start to call
    きじはじめてなく · from about Jan 15
    Worksheet

大寒 · Greater cold

  1. Butterburs bud
    ふきのはなさく · from about Jan 20
    Worksheet
  2. Ice thickens on streams
    さわみずこおりつめる · from about Jan 25
    Worksheet
  3. Hens start laying eggs
    にわとりはじめてとやにつく · from about Jan 30
    Worksheet

Dates are a guide: each season starts on about the same day every year, give or take one. A few rare characters (睍, 睆, 鱖, 雊) have no stroke-order data yet and are left out of the worksheets.